SOFTEWARE AND FILE MANAGEMENT

SOFTWARE

    Software is a set  of instruction that manipulate the data in it's own language input by the user or by other means, related items such as software program, application, script and instruction sets all falls under the category of computer software. Software program are stored as binary data that is copied to a computer hard drive, When it installed. Handel the different components of PC untouchable Ex MS word & MS paint  

Software usually comes in the form of commercial programs (like Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop), games, a computer operating system, or even malware like viruses and ransomware.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE:-

  System software

  Application Software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE:-

    System software manages and controls the hardware’s of a computer. It is an essential part of the computer system. Operating system is an example of system software   & Device drivers

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:-

    This is the kind of software you are probably most familiar with - also called programs or apps, they are packages that usually have a specific purpose and you use to accomplish a certain goa, Microsoft Word, Excel and Outlook are common examples

Ø  Word processors (like MS word).

Ø  Spreadsheets (like MS excel).

Ø  Presentation packages (like PowerPoint).

Ø  Desktop    publishing    software (like    MS publisher,     adobe     Photoshop, PageMaker and MS picture manager.

Ø  Multimedia packages (media player)

Ø  Database       management systems access)

FUNCTIONS  OF OPERATING SYSTEM:-

Ø     MAIN FUNCTIONS

v  File management.

v  Memory management.

v  Input / output management.

v  Hardware management.

FILE MANAGEMENT:-

Ø                      Creation and deletion of files.

Ø                      Creation and deletion of directories.

Ø                     Support for manipulating files and directories.

Ø                      Back up of files on stable (non- volatile) media.

MEMORY MANAGEMENT:-

Ø          Which part of memory currently being used and   by   whom   and   how   much memory is available.

INPUT AND OUTPUT MANAGEMENT

HARDWARE MANAGEMENT

Ø  General device driver interface.

Ø  Drivers for specific hardware devices.

 

FUNDAMENTAL PURPOSE OF OS:-

To provide / generate an environment in which and user can handle system programs as well as works easily.

TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:-

Ø  Client operating system (C.O.S.)

   §  The Client Operating System is the system that works within computer desktops and various portable devices. This system is different from centralized servers because it only supports a single user. Smartphones and small computer devices are able to support client operating systems.

Ø  Network operating system (N.O.S.)

A     Network operating system (NOS) is an operating system that manages network resources: essentially, an operating system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local area network (LAN)

    CLIENT OPERATING SYSTEM (C.O.S)

Ø              DOS 1.0 – PC DOS 2000.

Ø               WINDOWS 3.1.

Ø              WINDOWS 95/98/98SE.

Ø              WINDOWS ME.

Ø              WINDOWS 2000.

Ø              WINDOWS XP.

Ø              WINDOWS XP SP-I.

Ø              WINDOWS XP SP-II.

Ø              WINDOWS XP SP-III.

Ø              LINUX.

Ø              UNIX.

Ø              WINDOWS VISTA.

Ø              WINDOWS 7.

Ø              WINDOWS 8.

Ø              WINDOWS 8.1

Ø              WINDOWS 10.

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (N.O.S)

Ø              NOVEL NETWARE.

Ø              WINDOWS NT 4.0.

Ø              WINDOWS ADV SERVER 2000.

Ø              WINDOWS ADV SERVER 2003.

Ø              WINDOWS ADV SERVER 2003 R2.

Ø              WINDOWS STORAGE SERVER 2003.

Ø              WINDOWS SERVER 2008 /R

Ø                 WINDOWS SERVER 2012.

Features of Client Operating Syste

o   Administration.

o   File handling.

Linux

Linux is an open source operating system (OS). An operating system is the software that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work.

TO ACQUAIN.T THE CLASS ABOUT THE TYPES OF FILE:-

v  Files.

v  File extension.

v  Types of files.

v  Link files or shortcuts.

v  Wild card.

FILE:-

File is a set of related records / imp documents saved various types of source in FDD, cd, pen drives and HDD etc.

NAME OF FILES IN WINDOWS:-

Ø  File and folder name up to 255 character with extension name and space.

Ø  Extension name up to 3-5 character.

Ø  Some  special character are not valid for file and folder name -\ / : * ? " < > |

FILE EXTENSION:-

Ø      An extension to the name of a file that helps identify the file. In Microsoft windows, the file extension is often three characters. Example the file myfile.txt has an extension of .txt, which is a text file. But new version of Microsoft application software’s have the extension of four/five characters. For an example – MS word 2007 or MS word 2013 (.docx).

Ø  The file type identifies the program, such as Microsoft word, that is used to open the file.

Ø  File types are associated with a file name extension.  For example, files that have the txt extension are of the text document type and can be opened using any text editor.

TYPES OF FILES:-

Ø              EXECUTABLE FILE.

Ø              SYSTEM FILES.

Ø              DATA FILES.

EXECUTABLE FILES:-

Ø      An Executable file is a file that is used to perform various functions or operations in   a   computer. Unlike a data file, an executable file cannot generally be read because it   has been compiled.

Ø   Common executable files are .bat, .com and .exe. Depending on the operating system and its setup, there can also be several other types of executable files.

EXAMPLE OF EXECUTABLE FILES:-

Ø          WINWORD.exe                      - MS WORD FILE.

Ø          MSACCESS.exe                    - MS ACCESS FILE.

Ø          EXCEL.exe                             - MS EXCEL FILE.

Ø          POWERPNT.exe                   – MS POWER POINT FILE

SYSTEM FILE:-

Ø          A file that is used by an operating system and cannot    be    deleted    or    modified    without causing  the  operating  system  to  no  longer work.  Often these files cannot be deleted because   they   are   in   use   by   the   operating system.

Ø          A system file is also an attribute that can be added   to   any   file   in   Microsoft   operating systems that allow the operating system to know   the   file   is   an   important   system   file. Files that are marked as a system file will also be hidden files.

Ø  COMMAND.COM, CONFIG.SYS, AUTOEXEC.BAT

DATA FILES

Ø      .DOCX, .XLSX, .ACCDB AND .PPTX etc.

Ø      .TXT FILE:   NOTEPAD FILE EXTENSION.

Ø      .HLP FILES:   HELP FILE EXTENSION.

Ø        .DBF FILE:  FOX     PRO   AND   DBASE File extension.

IMAGE FILES:-

Ø            .PCX. Ø            .JPG. Ø            .GIF Ø             .BMP. Ø              .PSD.

Ø  Paint brush file. Ø  In line graphic file (joint photographic expert group). Ø  Graphic interchange format file. Ø  Bitmap picture. Ø  Photoshop document.

MORE EXTENSION NAMES:-

Ø  .MPG, .DAT, .AVI, .VOB - (Moving Picture Group, Digital Audio Tape, Audio-Video Interleave, Video Object) FILE.

Ø  .DCR -           (Digital           Cable Ready)              MICRO MEDIA FILE

Ø  .AU     -           UNIX SYSTEM SOUND FILE.

Ø  .WAV  -           WAVE FORM AUDIO FORMAT         SOUND FILE.

Ø  .SCR  -           SCREEN SAVER FILE

LINK FILES/ SHORT CUT:-

Ø          A link to any item accessible on your computer or on a network, such as a program, file, folder, disk drive, web page, printer or another computer.

Ø          You   can   put   shortcuts   in   various areas, such as on the desktop, on the start menu or in specific folders.

WILD CARD:-

Wild card.      When you wish to find a group of file together. You can use wildcard characters, there are two type of wild card:-

?  *Asterisk (*) wildcard.  Asterisk (*) is used in place of all haracter.

    *.pptx

    *.docx

     *.xlsx

Question mark (?) Wild card. Question mark (?) Is used to replace any one character.

            come??.doc