PORTS OF COMPUTER (CPU)

PORTS

Ø              An interface on a computer to which input/output Devices can be connected. Physical  ports allow

Ø          Types or ports:

o   Physical (hardware) ports: connecting cables to computers, routers, modems and other peripheral devices like disk drives, display screens, and keyboards.  Externally, personal computers have ports for connecting modems, printers, mice.

o   Virtual or logical ports: these ports allow software applications to share hardware resources without interfering with each other. Computer and routers automatically manage network traffic traveling via their virtual ports. For example – port no 21, post no 25.

    TYPE OF PORTS:

Ø              Ps/2 (personal system) ports (6 pins).

Ø              Display port (15 pins) / USB port.

Ø              Com ports/serial ports (9 pins).

Ø              Parallel ports (LPT) (25 pins).

Ø              USB ports (4 pin).

Ø              SCSI   (50/68 pin).

  Data TRF rate 80      mbps (megabyte per second).

Ø              IRDA (infrared developers association) - optical.

 Data TFR rate 4 mbps.

Ø              Bluetooth       - radio.

Data TRF rate 723 kbps (kilobyte per second).

PS 2 PORTS (6 PINS):

PORTS VIEW:

COM/SERIAL PORTS (9 PINS):

WORKS OF PARALLEL PORTS (25 PINS):

                                                            

            IRDA:                                                                                                                                                                    

                          

                                                    

       BLUETOOTH:

      UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (4 PINS):

Ø              USB port was released on 1996.

Ø               It was developed     to         replace           the      serial  and     parallel ports.

Ø              USB ports data transfer rate is 12 mbps.

Ø              A single USB port can connect 127 peripheral. For eg. Mice, modems, and keyboards.

Ø              USB is a plug-and-play installation device.

Ø              USB cables max length is 5 m.

Ø              No damage to a running computer while the USB.

    4 PORT USB HUB:

SLOTS

    SLOTS:

Ø 






       There are many external devices which require to be connected with the motherboard.        Motherboard have socket to connect those devices. That socket is called slot.

        TYPE OF SLOTS:

Ø                      Expansion slots.

  ISA slots.

  PCI slots.

   AGP slot.

Ø                      IDE slots.

Ø                      CPU slot.

Ø                      RAM slots.

        WHAT IS ISA:

Ø                      ISA stands for industry standard architecture.

Ø                      It controls the sound, video display and other peripherals.

Ø                      ISA is an older style that is typically found on computers with 286, 386 and 486                                       microprocessors.

Ø                    8  bit  version  of  ISA supports  clock  peed  of  8  and  33 MHz and uses 64 pins                                     connection.

Ø                    16 bit  version of ISA supports the same clock speed and uses 92 pins connection.

Ø                     Isa  slot  may  be  used  to  add  a  video  card,  a  network card or an extra serial port.

Ø                  It was developed in 1981 and it remained the most common expansion bus for most of  the  1980s         and 1990s                             

B           But PCI and AGP replaced it by the         end     of   twenty century.  

            ISA SLOT:

            ISA CARD:

    WHAT IS PCI? :

Ø          PCI stands for peripheral component inter connect. It is found in most pcs from late 486           models to the new Pentium 3.

Ø          It supports clock speed of 33 MHz - 66 MHz (Pentium) and a 32-bit data bus.

Ø          The   PCI   bus   has   a   special   chipset   which allows more sophisticated control over the    devices.

Ø          PCI is used for modem, sound card and LAN cards etc.

    PCI SLOT:

    PCI CARD:

WHAT IS IDE? :

Ø      IDE stands for integrated drive electronics and is found in most pcs.

Ø      IDE slots are used to connect hard disk drive, CD-ROM drive and floppy drive.

Ø  There  are normally  2 channels per IDE controller with a maximum of 2 ide devices per channel.

Ø      Original IDE standard could only support hard drives containing up to 540 MB of data.

Ø      But later it was replaced by EIDE (enhanced-ide), which supports hard drives with over 250     GB of data. It also allows for data transfer rates that are over twice as fast as the original     IDE.

IDE SLOTS:

    WHAT IS AGP? :

Ø      AGP stands for accelerated graphics port.

Ø      AGP is based on the PCI standard, but is designed especially for the throughout demands of 3-d graphics.

Ø      The AGP channel is 32 bits wide and runs at 66 MHz.

Ø      AGP version 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 which each uses a different voltage. Therefore, AGP cards must  be compatible with the specification of the AGP slot they are installed in.

Ø      Later it was also replaced by PCI express after 2006.

AGP SLOT:

AGP CARD:

WHAT IS PCI EXPRESS? :

Ø      One PCI express x16 connector   supporting simultaneous transfer speeds up to 8 GBYTES/ sec.

Ø      One PCI express x1 connector.  The x1 interface supports simultaneous transfer speeds up     to 500 MBBYTES/sec.

Ø      The PCI express interface supports the PCI conventional bus configuration mechanism so     that the underlying PCI express architecture is compatible with PCI conventional compliant     operating systems.

Ø      PCI express is a two-way, serial connection that carries data in packets along two pairs of     point-to-point data lanes, compared to the single parallel data bus of traditional PCI that     routes data at a set rate.

    PCI EXPRESS SLOT:

EXPANSION SLOT:

Ø          An expansion slot or expansion bus is a socket on the motherboard where an expansion         card be plugged in.

Ø          If your computer has more expansion slots, you can add more features.

Ø        If you purchase  a computer, you should ensure that the motherboard has enough        expansion   cards   to   suit your future needs

s